灌木建植装备设计与主要部件力学和功率分析

Design of Shrub-planting Equipment and Mechanical Analysis and Power Analysis of Key Components

针对沙地机械化造林作业问题,设计了灌木建植装备,提出了起垄、栽植、覆土和送苗相结合的机械化造林作业方案。根据工况条件,确定了灌木建植装备的总体结构、工作原理和结构参数,并针对主要部件锥形鸭嘴植苗装置进行力学分析和灌木建植装备进行功率分析,进而为灌木建植装备的液压系统设计提供参考。结果表明,随着装置开启角度(0°~45°)和插土深度(0~100mm)变化,活动鸭嘴尖端和中间位置受到的土壤压力变化明显,尖端和中间位置在插土深度为55mm,开启角度为24°附近达到最大值80N和138N,随之分别稳定在72N和124N。分析土壤压力变化成因,前期的有限元仿真结果与试验结果变化趋势相近,数值相差15%。利用多项式方程拟合活动鸭嘴尖端和中间位置土壤压力曲线,决定系数>0.95。在ADAMS软件中分析灌木建植装备的功率情况,起垄覆土板阻力空载情况下,最大功率为50kW。

Aiming at solving the problem of mechanized forestation on difficult site,a shrub-planting equipment was designed,and a mechanized forestation scheme,including ridging,planting,covering soil and seedling feeding was put forward.According to the working conditions,the overall structure,working principle and structural parameters of the equipment were determined.The dynamic analysis of the main parts for the tapered-duckbill planting mechanism and the power analysis of the whole were carried out.The soil resistance test of tapered-duckbill planting mechanism indicated that with the change of opening angle from 0° to 45° and soil insertion depth from 0 mm to 100 mm,the soil pressure on the tip and middle position of the moving duckbill changed obviously,and the causes of soil pressure change were analyzed.The tip and middle reached the maximum values of 80 N and 138 N at the depth of 55 mm and the opening angle of 24°,and then they stabilized at 72 N and 124 N respectively.The former finite element simulation results were similar to the experimental results,and the difference was 15%.The polynomial equation was used to fit the soil pressure curve at the tip and middle of the moving duck,and the coefficient of determination was greater than 0.95.The maximum power of the equipment that was analyzed by ADAMS software was 50 kW when the resistance of the ridging covering plate was empty,and it provided a reference for the design of the hydraulic system of the shrub-planting equipment.