青少年进食障碍症状与心理行为问题的关联性

Associations between eating disorder symptoms and psychological and behavioral problems in adolescents

【目的】了解青少年进食障碍症状的流行情况,探索进食障碍症状与其他心理行为问题的关联性。【方法】采取整群抽样的方法,抽取上海市四所中学1 358名学生及其家长进行问卷调查。采用进食态度量表评估青少年进食障碍症状,多动症筛查量表家长报告版评估青少年的多动症症状,Achenbach儿童行为评估量表评估其他行为问题。采用多元线性回归分析探讨青少年进食障碍症状的相关因素。【结果】进食障碍症状的检出率为12.81%,其中女生为15.36%,显著高于男生的10.37%(χ^2=19.43,P<0.05)。多因素回归分析显示,青少年性别(b=2.18,P<0.01)、BMI(b=0.21,P<0.05)、多动症症状(b=0.14,P<0.05)、积极/消极情绪性多吃(b=0.33,P<0.05;b=0.41,P<0.05)与进食障碍的症状水平显著相关。【结论】多动症以及情绪性多吃与进食障碍症状水平密切相关,提示对于进食障碍的干预和治疗,可充分考虑心理行为问题。

[Objective]To investigate the status of eating disorders among adolescents,as well as explore the relationship between eating disorders and psychological and behavioral problems.[Methods]A total of 1 358 adolescents and their parents were recruited from 4 high schools in Shanghai by convenient cluster sampling.Both adolescents and parents were requested to fill the questionnaire.The symptoms of eating disorders were measured with the Eating Attitudes Test(EAT-26).The ADHD symptoms were assessed by ADHD Rating Scale IV-Home Version.Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist was used to assess psychological and behavioral problems.Multivariate linear regression was applied for analysis of the relationship between eating disorders and psychological and behavioral problems in adolescents.[Results]The prevalence rate of eating disorder symptoms was 12.81%,of which 15.36%were for girls and 10.37%for boys.The difference was significant between girls and boys(χ~2=7.55,P<0.05).Multivariate regression analysis showed that adolescent′s gender(b=2.18,P<0.01),BMI(b=0.21,P<0.05),ADHD symptoms(b=0.14,P<0.05),positive/negative emotional overeating(b=0.33,P<0.05;b=0.41,P<0.05)proved to be significantly associated with the symptoms of eating disorder.[Conclusion]Gender,BMI,behavioral problems such as ADHD and emotional overeating prove to be significantly linked with the eating disorder symptoms in adolescents.Psychological and behavioral problems should be fully considered in the intervention and treatment of eating disorders.