疏勒河流域辣椒膜下滴灌耗水规律及节水型灌溉制度研究

Study on Water Consumption Regularity and Water Saving Irrigation Schedule of Drip Irrigation under Membrane for Pepper in Shule River Basin

通过在疏勒河流域玉门市进行色素辣椒田间试验,分析不同灌水量对辣椒全生育期生长指标、品质、干物质积累的影响,研究全生育期耗水特性,综合考虑产量、水分利用效率等各项指标,提出疏勒河流域最适宜灌溉制度。结果表明:坐果期株高是开花期的3.2倍,坐果期叶面积系数是开花期的5.6倍,开花期至坐果期是辣椒株高、叶面积增速最大期;从坐果期到膨大期,辣椒器官存储的营养成分逐渐向果实移动,果实干重与整株干重的比值逐渐增大,干物质平均增加了22.88g,占整个生育期干物质总量的50%以上;不同灌水量对辣椒营养品质影响差异显著,其中DG2相比其他处理显著提高辣椒品质,较对照CK分别显著提高3.61%、3.90%、13.88%、29.76%;全生育期耗水量呈现由低到高再降低的变化趋势,开花期耗水模数最大,坐果期耗水强度最大,开花期、坐果期和膨大期3个生育期的耗水量占全生育期耗水量比例达60%以上,此时是辣椒对水分最敏感的时期,应保证辣椒正常生长所需的水分和养分要求;综合辣椒产量和水分生产效率考虑,提出全生育期灌水9次、灌溉定额3540m^3/hm^2为疏勒河流域辣椒膜下滴灌的最适宜灌溉制度。

The effects of different irrigation amount on the growth index,quality and dry matter accumulation of pepper were analyzed and the water consumption characteristics were studied during the whole growth period via the field experiment of pigmented pepper in Yumen City of Shule River Basin.The most suitable irrigation schedule for the Shule River Basin was proposed by comprehensively considering the indicators of yield,water use efficiency,etc.The results showed that the plant height and the leaf area coefficient in the fruit setting period were 3.2 times and 5.6 times of those of the flowering stage,respectively.During the flowering stage to the fruit setting stage,so as to the highest stage of pepper plant height and leaf area growth;The nutrients stored in the pepper organs gradually moved to the fruits and seeds from the fruit setting period to the expansion stage,the ratio of the dry weight of the fruits and the whole plants gradually increased.The average dry matter was increased by 22.88 g,accounting for more than 50%of the total dry matter during the whole growth period.The effect of the amount on the nutritional quality of pepper was significant.Among them,DG2 significantly improved the quality of pepper compared with other treatments,which was significantly higher than that of control CK by 3.61%,3.90%,13.88%and 29.76%,respectively.The water consumption during the whole growth period decreased from low to high.The trend of change is that the water consumption modulus is the largest during the flowering period,and the water consumption intensity during the fruit setting period is the largest.The water consumption during the three growth stages of flowering,fruit setting and expansion period accounts for more than 60%of the water consumption during the whole growth period,which were the most sensitive periods for moisture to the pepper,the water and nutrient requirements for the normal growth of the pepper should be ensured.The most suitable irrigation scheduling of pepper membrane under drip irrigation was proposed that the whole growth period was 9 times and the irrigation quota was 3 540 m^3/hm^2 through comprehensive consideration of the yield of pepper and the efficiency of water production.