葡萄行内覆盖对园区微域生态环境及果实品质的影响

Effects of within-row mulching on soil microsites in vineyard and fruit quality

【目的】探明葡萄行内覆盖对葡萄园微域生态环境及果实品质的影响,确立葡萄园科学、生态的栽培管理措施。【方法】在宁夏贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄产区,以4年生‘赤霞珠’(Cabernet Sauvignon)为试材,设置行内覆盖葡萄枝条(grape branches,GB)、行内覆盖玉米秸秆(corn straw,CS)及清耕(CK)3个处理,研究各处理对葡萄园树冠层空气温湿度、土壤温湿度、土壤微生物等微域生态环境状况的影响,并比较其果实品质。利用主成分分析方法对3个处理的葡萄品质进行综合评价,筛选适宜的栽培措施。【结果】覆盖处理显著降低了葡萄树冠层空气温湿度及土壤温度,在0～20cm土层,GB覆盖、CS覆盖和清耕3个处理7、8、9月的土壤平均温度分别为22.4,21.8和24.6℃;0～60cm土层,上述3个处理微生物总量分别为604.71×10~4,599.86×10~4和440.11×10~4 CFU/g。与清耕相比,GB覆盖和CS覆盖使果实的还原糖含量提高了8.2%和6.8%,可溶性固形物含量提高了15.6%和12.3%,总酸含量提高了8.3%和10.0%,另外覆盖还使葡萄皮中的花色苷及酚类物质积累增多。通过主成分分析方法对GB覆盖、CS覆盖及清耕处理的葡萄品质进行综合评价,得分分别为1.56,0.70和-2.26。【结论】行内覆盖能够改善葡萄园微域生态环境,提高酿酒葡萄果实品质,其中以GB覆盖的效果最好。

【Objective】 Effect of grape line covering on vineyard micro-region ecology and fruit quality was investigated to establish cultivation management measures of vineyard ecology.【Method】 In the wine grape producing areas in the eastern foot of the Helan Mountain in Ningxia,4 years old Cabernet Sauvignon was selected,and 3 treatments of line covering with grape branches (GB),line covering with corn straw (CS) and tillage (CK) were configured.The effects on air temperature and humidity,soil temperature and humidity,soil microorganism,and other micro-ecological environment conditions in the vineyard canopy were studied,and the fruit quality was compared.Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to evaluate quality of grape and select suitable cultivation measures.【Result】 Mulching significantly reduced soil temperature as well as air temperature and humidity. At soil depth of 0 to 20 cm,the average temperatures in July,August,and September in GB,CS and CK treatments were 22.4,21.8 and 24.6 ℃,and the microbial biomass amounts were 604.71×10^4,599.86 ×10^4 and 440.11×10^4 CFU/g, respectively.Compared with CK,GB and CS increased reducing sugars by 8.2% and 6.8%, soluble solids by 15.6% and 12.3%,and total acids by 8.3% and 10.0%.In addition,the accumulation of anthocyanins and phenols in grape skin was increased.The grape quality scores of GB,CS and CK treatments evaluated by principal component analysis were 1.56,0.70 and -2.26,respectively.【Conclusion】 Line covering can improve the vineyard micro-domain ecological environment and the quality of wine grape,and the GB coverage had the best effect.