基于热传导学和有限差分法的高温专用服装设计

High Temperature Special Clothing Design Based on Heat Conduction and Finite Difference Method

在高温环境下工作时,人们需要穿着专用服装以避免灼伤。专用服装通常由三层材料构成,Ⅲ层与皮肤之间的空隙记为Ⅳ层。为设计专用服装,将体内温度控制在37 ℃的假人放置在实验室的高温环境中,测量假人皮肤外侧的温度。本文首先对环境温度75 ℃、Ⅱ层厚度为6 mm、Ⅳ层厚度为5 mm、工作时间为90 分钟的情形开展实验,测量得到假人皮肤外侧的温度,利用热传导学理论建立偏微分方程,并结合有限差分法,得出90 分钟内各时刻的温度分布数据和温度分布图。接着,对外界环境温度65 ℃、Ⅳ层的厚度为5.5 mm的情况,利用二分法模型确定了Ⅱ层的最优厚度,使工作60 分钟时假人皮肤外侧温度不超过47 ℃,超过44 ℃的时间在5 分钟以内。

Under the environment of high temperature at work, people need to wear special clothes to avoid burns.Special clothing usually consists of three layers of material,the gap between layer Ⅲ and the skin is referred to as layer Ⅳ. For the purpose of designing the special clothes, the dummy whose internal temperature was controlled at 37℃ was placed in a high-temperature environment in the laboratory, and the temperature of the outer skin of the dummy was measured.In this paper, firstly, to the ambient temperature 75 ℃,Ⅱ layer thickness is 6 mm ,Ⅳ layer thickness is 5 mm, working time is 90 minutes, carrying out the experiment, measuring the temperature of the skin of the lateral dummy,the theory of heat conduction is used to establish partial differential equations,then combine with finite difference method, finally get the temperature distribution data and temperature distribution chart of each moment within 90 minutes.Then,for the external environment temperature 65 ℃,Ⅳ layer thickness of 5.5 mm, the optimal thickness of layer Ⅱ is determined by using the dichotomous model which make work dummy’s lateral skin temperature does not exceed 60 minutes 47 ℃, more than 44 ℃ within 5 minutes.