“全面二孩”政策背景下女性职业发展困境及其化解

The Predicament and Solution of Women’s Career Development under the Comprehensive Two-Child Policy

女性的生育与抚养行为给其职业发展带来了负面影响,“全面二孩”政策的实施更是加剧了这种负面影响,造成了女性职业发展的困境,其主要表现为人力资本贬值、职业中断或职业向下流动、工资的生育惩罚、雇主的偏见和歧视、职业性别隔离。促进女性职业稳健发展的政策举措应该从完善生育保险制度、推动生育成本社会化、发展公共托幼服务和倡导性别平等的公共政策制定理念四个方面推进。

Child-bearing and child-rearing behavior has a negative impact on woman’s career development, which is aggravated by the implementation of the comprehensive two-child policy, resulting in the predicament of women’s career development. The main manifestations are the devaluation of human capital, interruption of a career, downward movement in ranking, reproductive penalty in wages, prejudice and discrimination from employers, or occupational segregation. Policy and measures to promote the steady development of women’s career should be promoted from four aspects: improving birth insurance system, promoting the socialization of birth cost, developing public childcare services and advocating gender equality concept in public policy making.