中国古代女儿财产继承权论要

Research on Daughter’s Right to Property Inheritance in Ancient China

男性子嗣在中国古代的历史进程中一直被视为财产继承的主要对象,而女儿的继承权则历经从秦汉时期的初步确立,到唐宋时期的日趋完善,再到元明清时期的衰弱等一系列的变迁过程。通过对唐宋时期有关在室女、出嫁女和归宗女家产继承权方面的法律规定进行重点剖析,可以进一步阐释中国古代女儿法定继承权受限的历史样态,并最终归纳出古代律法中女儿财产继承权利体系在制度上的儒学思想性、在权利获取上的普遍受限性、在份额分配上受亲疏远近的决定性、在权利变化上受物质条件的影响性等深层特性。

Male heirs have always been regarded as the main object of property inheritance in the historical process of ancient China, while the inheritance rights of daughters have gone through the initial establishment of the Qin and Han dynasties, to the improvement of the Tang and Song dynasties, and then to the weakening of the Yuan, Ming and Qing periods and a series of vicissitude processes. Combining with the key analysis of the legal provisions on the property inheritance rights of unmarried, married and returning daughters in the Tang and Song dynasties, this paper further explains the historical pattern of the restriction to the legal inheritance rights of the ancient daughters, and finally sums up several deep features of daughter’s property inheritance right: the Confucian ideology in the ancient law system, the general restriction on the acquisition of Rights, the decisive proximity in the distribution of shares, the impact of material in the change of rights.