印度国内政治行为体在领土争端问题上的作用——以印孟陆地边界争端为例

Domestic Indian Political Actors and their Influence on Territorial Disputes:The Case of the India-Bangladesh Land Boundary Dispute

印度的政治制度和宪法设置赋予了国内政治行为体对印度与他国领土争端问题施加影响的权力。在这些行为体中,印度中央政府、议会、最高法院、地方政府以及地方政党是对领土问题拥有最关键影响力的行为体,它们曾数次拖延或否决了印孟之间的陆地边界协议。印孟陆地边界协议的案例说明:领土问题对于印度来说并不只是单纯的外交政策问题,而是国内政治与国际政治内外联动的产物。印度国内的政党政治对领土问题的谈判以及相关协议的达成和实施有重要作用。随着地方政党在印度政治中的崛起,地方政治力量对领土问题的影响力也逐步上升。在特定条件下,国内政治因素还会被印度政府作为不执行协议的借口。此外,印度的武装力量和媒体也在这一过程中发挥了自身的影响力。

India’s domestic political institutions and constitutional arrangements grant political actors the power to influence India’s behavior when it comes to territorial disputes with other countries.Among these actors,those with the greatest influence over territorial issues are the Indian central government,the Parliament,the Supreme Court,local governments and local political parties.These actors have on many occasions delayed or otherwise negated the India-Bangladesh Land Boundary Agreement.The case of the India-Bangladesh Land Boundary Agreement illustrates that from the Indian perspective,territorial issues are not simply foreign policy concerns,but are a product of interactions between domestic and international political factors.India’s domestic party politics have a critical level of influence on territorial issues,including negotiations,and the execution and implementation of relevant agreements.As political parties rise within India’s domestic political scene,local political forces increase their own influence over territorial concerns.Under special circumstances,domestic political factors may also be used by India as excuses for not implementing agreements.In addition,India’s armed forces and media also have a certain level of influence within these processes.