煤炭资源整合中矿业权流转的公私冲突及调适

The conflict and adjustion between public power and private rights of mining rights transfer under the background of coal resources integration

矿业权兼具物权的私法属性与行政许可的公法属性,流转中存在国家干预与私人自治的内在张力和冲突。在煤炭资源整合背景下,这种冲突表现为:以阴阳合同的方式进行矿业权转让,名为整合、实为挂靠;登记权利人与实际权利人分离交易;合同解除权行使与整合政策冲突,强制关闭在采矿许可证有效期限内的煤矿等。调适路径在于:理论层面,澄清矿业权的法权属性,突出其物权性质;立法层面,调整涉矿业权的法律法规中限制矿业权流转的规范安排;司法层面,合理定位公法与私法在矿业权流转中的调整范围,融贯公私法共治并存的模式。从长远看,应借助《矿产资源法》修订的契机建立现代矿业制度。

Mining rights both have the characteristic of private law of real rights,and the characteristic of public law of administrative permission.There are inner tension and external conflicts between state intervention and private governance in mining rights transfer.Under the background of coal resources integration,conflicts mainly appear as that:some mining rights transfers are affiliated actually,but called integration by signing "black-white"contracts;registered owners and real owners transfer mining right separately;conflicts between recission rights of contracts and resources integration policy,coal mines are closed compulsively in terms of validity of mining license,and so on.Adjustion ways are proposed in below aspects:in the perspective of legal theory,the characteristic of legal right of mining rights should be clarified,and the characteristic of real rights of mining rights should be emphasized;in the perspective of legislation,restrictive norms of mining rights transfer in laws and regulations should be adjusted;in the perspective of judicature,regulating range of public law and private law in mining rights transfer should be orientated reasonably,the pattern of co-governance between public law and private law should be straightened.In the perspective of long-term,modern mining industry regulating system should be established by taking the chance of amendment of Mineral Resource Law.