载瓦语容器工具格标记mai31及其功能扩展

The Instrumental Marker mai31 for Containers and Its Function Extension in Zaiwa

载瓦语的工具格标记有mai^31、■■^31两个,容器属性强的使用标记mai^31,容器属性弱的使用标记■■^31,非典型容器者两个标记均可使用。本文分析了容器类工具格标记mai^31的功能扩展路径,认为mai^31的功能扩展路径为:工具→空间→时间→先发事件→原因、工具→空间→状态→方式、工具→凭借或依据。mai^31功能扩展的认知基础是工具与受事之间形成的容纳型空间关系,通过隐喻、转喻等认知机制,形成多种虽有差异但亦具有语义相关性的语法功能。

Zaiwa has two instrumental markers for containers,mai^31 and■■^31.mai^31follows containers with strong container property,■■^31 is used after those with weak container property,and both can be used interchangeably after atypical containers.This paper analyzes the path of function extension of mai^31,with the following presumptions:instrument→space→time→anterior event→cause,or instrument→space→state→manner,or instrument→means or basis?The containing spatial relationship between instruments and patients constitute the cognitive basis for the function extention of mai^31,which,through the cognitive mechanisms of metaphor and metonymy,spurs varigated but different grammatical functions with semantic correlatedness.