“两弹一星”工程中的后发优势与劣势分析及启示

Analysis and Inspiration of the Late-mover Advantages and Disadvantages of the “Two Bombs, One Satellite” Project

以后发优势和后发劣势理论为基础,分析了“两弹一星”工程中的后发优势与后发劣势及其对当代科技创新的启示。提出在利用后发优势方面,“两弹一星”工程主要通过对风险规避优势、跟进优势与机遇优势进行有效利用,实现了国防科技的整体跨越式发展。在后发劣势方面,主要采用科学-技术-工程同步推进和技术民主两种方式,充分调动有限资源,比较有效地规避了后发劣势带来的不利影响。最后,分析了这些做法对我国当代科技创新与发展的启示。

Based on the theory of Late-mover Advantages and Disadvantages,the late-mover advantages and disadvantages of the “Two Bombs,One Satellite” project and its inspiration to current scientific and technological innovation are analyzed in this paper.The “Two Bombs,One Satellite” project mainly uses risk aversion advantage, follow-up advantage,and opportunity advantage to promote the overall leap-forward development of national defense technology effectively.However,In terms of late-mover disadvantages,it adopts science- technology-engineering simultaneous advancement and technical democracy to fully mobilize limited resources and relatively avoid the adverse effects due to the disadvantages.Finally,it analyzes the inspiration of these practices on current scientific and technological innovation and development in China.