论我国食品安全责任保险的制度困境及其破解

On the Practical Dilemma and Solution of China′s Food Safety Liability Insurance Regulation

我国已形成主险、附加险组成的食品安全责任保险制度体系,并在部分地区试行强制责任保险。实践中出现了投保率低、保障力弱等不利现象,呈现出食物链上风险分布规律与保险责任结构、食品经营者可保利益与其法定责任间不对应的困境,既有对食责险困境的认识远不能回答该困境的生成与改进问题。《食品安全法》及国家最新政策力促食责险制度落地语境下,应当立足食责险的险种结构与条款内容,理清多元主体特别经营者内部关系间的保险利益关系。以食物链整体安全的视角,阐明食品安全责任与保险责任间法律适用标准,并由此明确相应的保险行业标准;构建适应食品市场的多层次产品体系,理顺经营者纵向关系上的保险利益结构,形成包括食责险在内的食品安全多元共治机制。

There is food safety liability insurance regulatory system consisting of primary and additional insurance in China, the compulsory ones have also been in trial. However, few buying and weak safeguarding level make us in practical trouble, there exists the non-corresponding dilemma between food risk distribution and insurance liability, and insurable interest and it′s legal responsibility. Under the background that Food Safety Law and new policies, it is necessary to clear insurance interests among businessmen on the basis of prevalent insurance type and it′s article content. At the same time, we′d better illustrate the judicial and relevant insurance service standard between food safety responsibility and insurance liability, establish a system of multi-level insurance products, and rationalize the structure of insurance interests at the parallel operating relation, multi-governance on food safety should be the final point.