4Crooks,T. The validity of formative assessments [J:. British Educational Research Association Annual Conference, University of Leeds, 2001(9 ).
5Huhta,Ari. Diagnostic and formative assessment [C]//In Spolsky,Bernard and Huh,Francis M. The Handbook of Educational Linguistics.Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 2010.
6Black,P. & D. Wiliam. Assessment and classroom learning [J].Assessment in Education: Principles,Policy & Practice, 1998(1).
7Nicol,D. & D. Macfarlane-Dick. Rethinking formative assessment in HE:a theoretical model and seven principles of good feedback practice[J]. Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education, 2005 (2).
8Shepard, Lorrie A.Formative assessment: Caveat emptor [ C ]// ETS Invitational Conference The future of assessment: Shaping teaching and learning.New York, 2011 : 25.
9Harlen.W.& M.James Assessment and learning:Differences and relationships between formative and summative assessment [J].Assessment in Education: Principles,Policy & Practice, 1997(3 ).
10Cooper & Cowrie. Collaborative research of assessment for learning[J].Teaching and Teacher Education, 2010(26).
