酶联免疫斑点法在重症药疹致敏药物鉴定中的应用

Application of enzyme-linked immunospot assay in the identification of culprit drugs in severe drug eruptions

早期发现致敏药物对重症药疹的防治至关重要。目前对重症药疹致敏药物的鉴定尚无准确有效的检测方法,已有的斑贴试验、淋巴细胞转化实验等,因敏感度和特异度较低,难以广泛应用。酶联免疫斑点法通过在体外检测药物特异性T淋巴细胞分泌的细胞因子鉴定致敏药物,在重症药疹患者中具有较高的敏感度及特异度,并可应用于处于疾病早期及合并免疫抑制性疾病的药疹患者。酶联免疫斑点法可能成为鉴定重症药疹致敏药物的有效方法。

Early identification of culprit drugs is crucial for the treatment and prevention of severe drug eruptions. At present, no accurate and effective methods are available for identifying the culprit drugs in severe drug eruptions. Commonly used tests include patch test, lymphocyte transformation test and so on. However, low sensitivity and specificity limit their clinical application. Enzyme -linked immunospot assay, an in vitro technique, can identify culprit drugs in cutaneous adverse drug reactions by detecting cytokines secreted by drug -specific T lymphocytes. It has high sensitivity and specificity in patients with severe drug eruptions, and can be carried out during the acute stage of disease or among immunocompromised patients. Therefore, enzyme - linked immunospot assay may be an effective method for identifying culprit drugs in severe drug eruptions.