宋代女子的文化水平

The Cultural Level of Women in the Song Dynasty

宋代社会普遍主张女子应该学习文化,广泛开展对女子的文化教育。学堂教育、家庭教育以及自学成才等途径,大幅提高了女子的文化水平,尤其是士大夫女眷大多有文化。众多女子多才多艺,或精通经史学问,或善于诗词文章,或成为绘画、音乐高手。位于社会下层的女艺人、伎乐等,也具备一定的文化水平,尤多精妙的诗词之作。以李清照、朱淑真为代表的宋代女作家群及其作品,为中国文学史上一座山花烂漫的奇峰,是我国女性文学史上质的飞跃。母教的历史贡献更大,杨亿、欧阳修、苏轼、周必大、真德秀等文化大师,都与母亲的直接教育有密切关系。宋代女子文化呈现出历史上前所未有的繁荣景象,为传统文化增添了兰心蕙质的别样芬芳。

It was generally advocated in the Song society that women should learn cultural knowledge and cultural education was extensively carried out among women.School education,family education,and self-study had greatly improved women’s cultural level,especially women from the scholar-bureaucrat families.Many women were versatile,either proficient in classics and history,or good at poetry and articles,or became masters of painting and music.The female artists and Jiyue from the lower class of society also had a certain level of culture.They composed a lot of exquisite poetry.The group of female writers and their works in the Song dynasty,represented by Li Qingzhao and Zhu Shuzhen,was an extraordinary peak in the history of Chinese literature and a qualitative leap in the history of women’s literature in China.The historical contribution of mother education was greater.Yang Yi,Ouyang Xiu,Su Shi,Zhou Bida,Zhen Dexiu and other cultural masters were the fruits of their mothers’ direct education.The women’s culture in the Song dynasty showed an unprecedented prosperity in history,imbued with a variety of colors and adding a different kind of fragrance to the traditional culture.