北洋政府中央与地方的利益争夺——以中日凤凰山铁矿交涉为例

Competition for Diplomatic Interests between the Central and Local Governments of Beiyang:Taking the Sino-Japanese Fenghuangshan Iron Mine Negotiation as An Example

第一次世界大战期间,日本企业加强了在中国寻求铁矿开采权的活动,其中大仓组希望将江苏凤凰山铁矿据为己有。中日围绕凤凰山铁矿进行了为时三年多的交涉,其间中国方面交涉重心在中央和地方政府之间来回多次转移,体现出在北洋政府时期的政治环境下,中央与地方围绕地方利权问题的利益博弈情形。交涉过程中,北洋政府农商部、陆军部与地方的督军、士绅以及英美驻华公使先后参与其事,影响并决定交涉进程,凸显出中国近代外交影响因素的多重性与交涉过程的复杂性。

During the First World War,Japanese companies strengthened their activities to seek rights of iron mines in China.The Ookura Group expected to reap the Fenghuangshan iron mine in Jiangsu province.China and Japan negotiated for more than three years around this case.During this period,the Chinese responsible people had shifted back and forth four times between the central and local governments,reflecting the interest game between the central and the local revolving around the local right in the political environment of the Beiyang period.In this case,the Beiyang Government’s Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce,the Army Department,the local warlords,gentry and the British and American ambassadors in China participated in the negotiations,influencing and determining the negotiation process,which highlighted the multiplicity and complexity of China’s modern diplomacy.