论19世纪英国乡村医院的兴起

A Discussion on the Rise of Cottage Hospitals in the 19th Century Britain

19世纪是英国社会从传统向现代转型的关键时期,在人口较集中的城镇,医疗服务市场空前繁荣:各类医疗机构纷纷兴起,全科医生群体发展壮大。然而,与城镇的繁荣局面不同,乡村地区面临医疗机构和卫生服务匮乏的局面,民众对医疗服务的现实诉求尤盛,整个国家存在对于扩充病床的宏观需要。这一时期出现的乡村医院为民众提供了基本医疗服务,并凭借其筹资多元、设计合理、管理严格等特点而迅速兴起,弥补了社会转型时期政府职能在乡村地区的缺失,为改善乡村民众医疗服务水平做出了积极贡献。

The 19th century was a crucial period for British society to transform from traditional to modern one.In the populated cities and towns,the medical market was unprecedentedly prosperous.However,unlike the prosperity of cities and towns,rural areas were facing the scarcity of medical institutions and services.The cottage hospitals emerged in the second half of the 19th century provided basic medical services to the local population and rapidly rose by virtue of their respective features such as diversified financing,rational design and strict management.They made up for the deficiency of state functions in the rural areas during the period of social transition and made a positive contribution to improving the medical services for the rural populace.