新旧之间——黄侃《文心雕龙札记》的思想结构与民国学术

Between the New and the Old: The Analytical Framework of Notes on Wenxin Diaolong by Huang Kan and Intellectuals in Nationalist China

黄侃《文心雕龙札记》提出:文章本于自然之道。直举性情,辅以文体规则,是为自然。自然之外阑入人力,只用以调节藻饰程度。这是其基本思想结构。《札记》在文法等局部问题上,流露与新文化运动论争之意,但在言、文关系这一核心问题上,未能组织起有效抵抗,要待数年后补苴。黄氏这些观点,在民国影响最大者,当推作为核心支柱的自然之道说,形成了新的主流见解,影响及于今日。此论明显带有反儒家色彩,所以风行一时,恰因对立面新文化运动为之作了观念准备。然而在新文化运动形塑下,又不无变化。《札记》传播的曲折轨迹,从一个侧面展现出民国知识界的复杂动态。

In his Notes on Wenxin Diaolong, Huang Kan argued that articles should be composed spontaneously.The spontaneousness came directly from emotions with the regulation of writing style. Any other additional efforts except spontaneousness could only become verbal modification in various degrees. The Notes implied somehow the idea to debate on the issues such as grammar with the New Cultural Movement, however, it was incapable of organizing any effective resistance around the core issue about the relationship between composition and grammar. The most influential of Huang Kan’s views was his idea about spontaneousness in the time of Nationalist China, which became the new mainstream argument and its influence lasts until today. This argument obviously born the tint of anti-Confucianism, and the reason why it became widely accepted was that it had made ideological preparation for the New Cultural Movement which was its opposite. Such evolution of Notes reflected the complicated dynamics of the intellectuals in Nationalist China from one aspect.