学校人际关系与流动儿童的自尊:心理弹性的中介作用

Interpersonal Relationship in Schools and Self-esteem of Migrant Children: Mediating Effect of Psychological Resilience

自尊是心理健康的核心指标,而流动儿童的自尊比较脆弱。本研究在积极心理学视角下从心理弹性动态发展和环境-人互动的角度探讨学校人际关系、个体心理弹性对流动儿童自尊的影响,并分析心理弹性的中介作用,从而为保护和提升流动儿童自尊提供思路。研究采用整群抽样的方法,对武汉市三所小学四、五年级264名流动儿童进行问卷调查。研究工具包括基本信息问卷、师生关系问卷、友谊质量问卷、心理弹性问卷、自尊量表。结果表明:(1)流动儿童的师生关系较差,友谊质量较好,心理弹性较好,性别在师生关系上的主效应显著,男生显著优于女生;(2)友谊质量显著预测自尊;(3)心理弹性的外在保护因素在师生关系和自尊的关系中起到完全中介作用,也在友谊质量和自尊的关系中起到完全中介作用。

Self-esteem is the core indicator of mental health,while migrant children have a low self-esteem.From the perspective of positive psychology,dynamic development of psychology and environment-human interaction,this paper discussed the impact of interpersonal relationship and individual psychological flexibility on migrant children s self-esteem and analyzed the mediating effect of psychological resilience.A questionnaire survey was conducted on 264 migrant children in the fourth and fifth grades of three primary schools in Wuhan through cluster sampling.Research tools included basic information questionnaire,teacher-student relationship questionnaire,friendship quality questionnaire,psychological resilience questionnaire,and self-esteem scale.The results showed that:(1)the migrant children had a poor teacher-student relationship,high quality of friendship,and good psychological resilience.Gender had a significant effect on their teacher-student relationship.The boys were significantly better than the girls;(2)The friendship quality significantly predicted self-esteem;(3)The external protection factor of psychological resilience played a full intermediary role in the relationship between teacher-student relationship and self-esteem.It also played a full intermediary role in the relationship between friendship quality and self-esteem.