阶层流动知觉对系统合理化的预测作用

Perceptions of Social Mobility Predict System Justification

在社会贫富差距较大的背景下,公众对于机会公平持有强烈需求,因此其社会态度很可能会受到其阶层流动知觉的影响。研究者以非在校学生的成年人为研究对象,采用问卷调查法,通过457份有效问卷发现:(1)总体阶层流动知觉和向上阶层流动知觉正向预测系统合理化,而向下阶层流动知觉对系统合理化无显著预测作用;(2)代际过往阶层流动经历与系统合理化没有显著相关;(3)代际未来阶层流动预期正向预测系统合理化;(4)客观社会阶层在上述预测作用之中均无调节作用,说明阶层流动知觉对系统合理化的预测作用具有跨阶层的一致性。这些结果提示管理者主观阶层流动感受在民众形成社会态度的过程中具有重要作用,且无论高低客观社会阶层均有此效应。未来研究应着眼于因果关系的验证与阶层流动知觉测量方式的改进,并且进一步探讨阶层流动知觉预测社会态度的心理机制。

In the background of huge gap between the rich and the poor,Chinese value opportunity justice more.Therefore,their attitudes toward society could be influenced by perceptions of social mobility.We employed the questionnaire to non-student adults and got 457 valid data.The results were as follows:(1)Perceptions of societal social mobility and upward societal social mobility positively predicted system justification;(2)Intergenerational social mobility experience did not significantly predict system justification;(3)Prospect of intergenerational social mobility positively predicted system justification;(4)Social class was not moderated between the perceptions of social mobility above and system justification.Our study verified that perceptions of social mobility predicted system justification and their cross-class effects.The practical meaning is to remind the governors of the significance of perceived social mobility on social beliefs.Future study should focus on examining the causal effects between them and how to improve the assessments of perceived social mobility.Furthermore,we should pay more attention on how perceptions of social mobility predicted system justification.