超大城市青年移民家庭化的双重困境——基于北京市多数据来源的比较

The Dual Dilemma of Family Integration for Young Migrants in Megacities: A Comparison Based on Multiple Data Sources of Beijing

基于2015年北京市青年人口发展状况调查和全国流动人口动态监测调查的数据,从本地家庭化和家庭本地化两个层面讨论北京市青年移民的家庭发展问题。发现非京籍青年移民的家庭化过程受到经济条件、户籍问题和社会融合等多重因素的制约。从就地组建家庭的视角看,户籍是促成婚姻市场"本地-外来"分割的重要因素,非京籍人口与京籍人口在恋爱和婚配过程中存在严重隔离,京籍青年移民则具有更大的灵活性和比较优势。从家庭团聚的视角看,由于家庭规模减小和结构功能变动带来的双重影响,核心家庭团聚成为主要的迁移模式,在家庭团聚过程中夫妻随迁和子女随迁处于优先地位。尽管主干家庭成员随迁依然存在,但表现出短期性和功能性的特点。因此,通过完善公共服务体制、促进公共服务均等化和调整城市区域户籍准入机制等方式,促进青年移民的家庭团聚和关系本地化,有助于大城市青年移民摆脱在婚姻匹配和家庭团聚方面的双重困境。

Based on the data of the Youth Population Development Survey of Beijing in 2015 and the National Dynamic Monitoring Survey of Migrant Population, this paper discusses the issue of the family integration of young migrants in Beijing from two aspects: family formation and family reunion. It is found that the process of family integration of young immigrants is constrained by economic conditions, household registration restrictions and social integration. From the perspective of local family formation, household registration is an important factor to promote the "local-foreign" division of the marriage market. There is a serious separation between locals and outsiders in the process of love and marriage, while young immigrants with Beijing household registration have greater flexibility and comparative advantages. From the perspective of family reunion, due to the dual effects of family size reduction and structural and functional changes, nuclear family reunion is the most important mode of migration. In the process of family reunion, couples and children are in priority. Although the main family members still migrate together, they show short-term and functional characteristics. Therefore, by improving the public service system, promoting the equalization of public services and adjusting the mechanism of household registration access in urban areas, we can promote the family reunion and relationship localization of young migrants, and help them get rid of the dual dilemma of marriage matching and family reunion.