婚配年龄模式对个人主观福利的影响

The Influence of Marriage Age Pattern on Individual Subjective Well-being

在当前婚龄持续推迟和婚龄差扩大的背景下,使用中国家庭动态跟踪调查(CFPS)2014年数据描述了我国人口的初婚年龄模式和初婚年龄匹配模式在不同时期的变动情况,并研究了婚龄和夫妻年龄匹配情况同个体主观福利之间的关系。研究结果显示,与在正常婚配年龄结婚的夫妻相比,早婚对夫妻双方主观幸福感和精神健康均有显著负面影响,晚婚影响则不显著;与正常的初婚年龄匹配模式(夫妻婚龄差范围为-1～4岁)相比,男性大于女性4岁以上会显著降低妻子的主观幸福感、对丈夫的精神健康也有不利影响。本文从生命历程视角下的婚姻成熟度和性别角色理论角度对这一结果进行了初步解释,并讨论了在婚姻模式变迁中该结果的社会意义。

Under the background of the continuous delay of marriage age and the widening gap of marriage age, this paper describes the changes of the first marriage age pattern and the first marriage age matching pattern in different periods by using the data of China Family Panel Survey(CFPS) in 2014, and studies the relevance between individual subjective well-being and the marriage age and the age matching of husband and wife. The results show that, early marriage has a significant negative influence on subjective well-being and mental health of both spouses, while late marriage has no significant influence;compared with the normal matching pattern of first marriage age(the range of marital age difference between husband and wife is-1~4 years old), the circumstance of husbands older than their wives over 4 years can significantly reduce the subjective well-being of their wives and have adverse effects on the husbands’ mental health. This paper gives a preliminary explanation of this result from the perspective of marriage maturity and gender role theory and from a life course, and discusses the social significance of this result in the change of marriage pattern.