农村金融机构信贷技术的选择与优化——基于信息不对称与交易成本的视角

An Optimization of the Credit Technology in Rural Financial Institutions: Based on a Survey of Information Asymmetry and Transaction Costs

本文基于某农村地区的实地调研数据,分析农村信贷市场信息不对称与交易成本的特征,从而判断农村金融机构信贷技术的使用效果。研究发现,"熟人"和"关系"是农村信贷市场比较重要的资源;道德风险是信息不对称的主要形式;"相关交易成本"高;抵押并未发挥甄别借款人的作用,但能刺激借款人的还款意愿;关系型贷款是一柄"双刃剑";农户小额信用贷款未能有效平衡信息不对称和交易成本之间的关系。农村金融机构信贷技术的有效性有待提高,这也为信贷技术的优化提供了方向。

A survey of rural areas was conducted to explore the information asymmetry,transaction cost characteristics and the effectiveness of credit technology in rural credit markets.The following conclusions are drawn: Acquaintance and relationship are the important resources in rural credit markets,and moral hazard is the main form of information asymmetry,and "related transaction costs"are high;Mortgages do not play a role in screening borrowers,but it can stimulate the borrower’s willingness to repay;Relationship lending is a "double-edged sword";The micro credit loans to farmers do not get a balance between the information asymmetry and transaction costs effectively.It shows that the effectiveness of credit technology of rural financial institutions needs to be improved,and it also provides a direction for credit technology optimization.