心理韧性在护士职业获益感与留职意愿间的中介效应分析

Mediating effect of resilience between perceived professional benefits and intention to stay among nurses

目的调查护士留职意愿现状及影响因素,分析心理韧性、职业获益感与留职意愿之间的相关关系和相互作用。方法本研究为横断面调查,采用便利抽样法于2017年6月选取北京市3所航天系统综合医院护士为调查对象,采用护士一般资料调查表、护士留职意愿问卷、护士职业获益感问卷、心理韧性量表进行调查。共发放问卷600份,回收有效问卷589份,有效回收率98.17%。所得数据采用Pearson相关分析、多元逐步回归分析和中介效应分析。结果589名护士留职意愿量表平均得分(3.28±0.58)分,职业获益感总分(128.85±17.48)分,心理韧性总分(86.55±12.11)分。不同年龄、编制、职称、护龄、工作时间、自我健康状况和家庭负担状况的护士留职意愿得分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示,护士心理韧性、护士职业获益感与留职意愿得分均呈正相关关系(r值分别为0.387、0.557;P<0.05)。多元逐步回归分析显示,健康状况、护龄、正向职业感知、团队归属感、坚韧是护士留职意愿的主要影响因素,5个因素对护士留职意愿解释量达35.3%。护士心理韧性在职业获益感、留职意愿之间有部分中介作用,效应值为12.43%。结论护士的留职意愿处于中等水平,留职意愿受多种因素影响,护理管理者可以通过提高护士职业获益感和心理韧性来增强其留职意愿。

ObjectiveTo explore the current situation of intention to stay and its influencing factors and to analyze the correlations and interactions among resilience,perceived professional benefits and intention to stay.MethodsCross-sectional survey was used in this study.In June 2017,we selected nurses from three general hospitals of aerospace system as respondents by convenience sampling.All of the nurses were investigated with the general information questionnaire,Nurses'Job Retention Questionnaire,Questionnaire of Nurses'Perceived Professional Benefits and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC).A total of 600 questionnaires were sent out and 589 valid questionnaires were collected with 98.17%for the valid recovery rate.The data were analyzed with the Pearson correlation,multiple stepwise regression and mediating effect.ResultsAmong 589 nurses the total scores of intention to stay,perceived professional benefits and resilience were(3.28±0.58),(128.85±17.48)and(86.55±12.11)respectively.There were statistical differences in the scores of intention to stay among nurses with different ages,authorized sizes,job title,length of care time,operating hours,self-health conditions and burdens of family(P<0.05).Pearson correlation showed that nurses'resilience and perceived professional benefits had positive correlations with the intention to stay(r=0.387,0.557;P<0.05).Multiple stepwise regression showed that the five main influencing factors of nurses'intention to stay included health condition,nursing years,positive perceived profession,team sense of belonging and tenacity which explained 35.3%of the variance of nurses'intention to stay.Nurses'resilience had a partial mediation effect between perceived professional benefits and intention to stay with 12.43%for the effect value.ConclusionsNurses'intension to stay is in a medium level which influenced by many factors.Nursing managers can increase nurses'intension to stay by improving nurses'perceived professional benefits and resilience.