外资进入、产业关联与本土企业单位劳动成本:基于中国工业企业数据的实证

FDI and Chinese Manufacturing Firm's Unit Labor Cost: from the Perspective of Horizontal and Vertical Industry Linkages

文章使用中国制造业企业微观数据研究了水平及垂直行业外资进入对中国制造业企业单位劳动成本的影响,研究发现,水平行业外资进入显著推高了中国制造业企业的单位劳动成本,下游行业外资进入则有利于降低中国制造业企业的单位劳动成本,而上游行业外资进入对中国制造业企业单位劳动成本没有显著影响。路径机制检验结果表明,水平行业外资进入对中国制造业企业单位劳动成本的推升作用主要是由于其对中国同行业制造业企业的人均增加值水平产生了显著的负向"技术挤出"效应;分外资类型回归结果表明,水平行业港澳台资企业进入的负向"技术挤出"效应要远强于外国投资企业。实证结果表明,规范外资企业与中国本土同行业企业之间的市场竞争秩序,强化外资企业与中国本土上下游行业企业之间的垂直产业合作关系,可以缓解外资进入给中国制造业企业单位劳动成本带来的上涨压力,并且有助于发挥引进外资对中国制造业转型升级的促进作用。

This paper studied the impact of horizontal and vertical FDI entry on the Unit Labur Cost ( ULC) of Chinese manufacturing firms by using the Chinese firm-level data. The empirical results showed that the horizontal FDI entry had positive effect and the downstream FDI entry had negative effect, while the upstream FDI entry had no significant effect on the ULC of Chinese manufacturing firms. Besides, this paper also proved that the reason why the horizontal FDI entry had positive effect on the ULC of Chinese manufacturing firms, that is due to its " technology crowding-out" effect on Chinese manufacturing firms' per-capita valueaddition ,and the " technology crowding-out" effect from the HMT-funded firms is far stronger than that from the foreign-funded firms. The empirical results of this paper implied that rectifying the competition order between the foreign-funded firms and their local Chinese peers, and strengthening the cooperation relationship between the foreign-funded firms and their local upstream and downstream Chinese cooperative firms, could relieve the ever-rising ULC stress on the Chinese manufacturing firms.