论南宋前期东南会子的性质与流通状况

The Character and Circulation Situation of Dongnanhuizi in the Early Southern Song Dynasty

学界多将纸币东南会子视作南宋主要的流通货币之一,但并未考虑其在不同时段的性质差异。南宋前期的东南会子主要用于财政活动,面额较大,在流通货币中占比甚低。商人经由和籴获得官府投放的东南会子,再参与榷货贸易使东南会子回流至官府,该循环是东南会子最主要的发行—回笼渠道。军人在获得以东南会子等大额货币发放的军俸后,多需将其兑换为现钱才能供日常使用。另一方面,根据钱会品搭制度及其执行状况,赋税中东南会子的比例不高,普通民众在交税与日常交易中也少用东南会子。总之,南宋前期的东南会子更多地呈现出财政票据的性质,尚未成为一般的流通货币,不应简单地将不同时段的东南会子视作一体。

Most scholars regard Dongnanhuizi as one of the main currencies,but do not tell the difference of its character in different periods.In the early Southern Song Dynasty,Dongnanhuizi was mainly used for financial activities,with a larger denomination and a very low proportion in circulation.Merchants sold grains to gain Dongnanhuizi which put into circulation through financial channels like grain purchase.This cycle was the most important issue and withdrawal channel of Dongnanhuizi.In addition,after getting payments of large denomination currencies including Dongnanhuizi,soldiers had to change those currencies into copper coins for daily use.According to the policies of proportion of copper coins and Dongnanhuizi,the proportion of Dongnanhuizi was low in taxes.People seldom used Dongnanhuizi in tax paying and daily transactions.In a word,Dongnanhuizi in the early Southern Song Dynasty showed the character of financial bills,and had not yet become a general currency,so Dongnanhuizi should not be simply regarded as the same in different periods.