比较公共行政视野下的市场监管模式比较及启示:基于美德日三国的观察

A Comparative Study of Market Regulation Regime from the Perspective of Comparative Public Administration: Evidences from the United States, Germany and Japan

市场监管的国际经验梳理和模式比较,对于我国正在进行的市场监管体制改革具有重要的借鉴意义。本文基于比较公共行政学的视角,从政府-市场关系、机构设置、府际关系、社会参与四个角度对美德日三个具有典型代表性的发达国家的市场监管体系进行了比较分析。研究得出:在自由市场经济体制下,美国的市场监管具有独立设置、二元监管联邦主义、多元参与的特点;在社会市场经济体制下,德国的市场监管具有内设半独立、合作监管联邦主义、合作主义的特点;在引导型经济体制下,日本的市场监管具有混合设置、中央主导、行政吸纳的特点。基于比较分析,研究在处理政府-市场关系、政府内部关系和社会参与等方面对于我国新形势下的市场监管体制改革提出了具体的政策建议。

It is greatly significant to conduct a comparative study internationally for the ongoing China’s regulatory reform.From the perspective of comparative public administration study, this paper makes a comparative analysis of the market regulatory regime from three typical developed countries, namely, the United States, Germany,and Japan. This comparative analysis is conducted from four dimensions: government-market relations,regulatory agency structure, vertical inter-governmental relations and public participation. It finds that the market regulatory system shows different characteristics in different economic system. In the United States, it is defined as independent regulatory agency, dual regulation federalism and pluralism in public participation.In Germany, it has the characteristics of semi-independent, collaborative federalism and corporatism in public participation. In Japan, it is characterized by government-guided market model, mixed setting of regulatory agency, domination of central government and administrative absorption. Finally, this paper discusses a few of policy implications for the ongoing regulatory system reform under the new era in China.