新时期中国公共冲突的变化趋势及其治理策略

The Changing Trends of China’s Public Conflict and its Governance Strategies in the New Era

随着中国特色社会主义建设进入新时期,公共冲突的情境、特点和治理都在发生重要变化。在公共冲突的情境方面,社会体制正在从快速转型转向相对定型,法治建设从滞后转向逐步完善,价值理念从分裂转向重建共识,利益格局从急剧分化转向流动减缓,信息交换从实体空间扩展到网络空间,经济发展模式由高速增长转向高质量发展,社会需求从满足温饱转向价值实现,挫折心理从相对剥夺扩展到预期反差逆转。由此,公共冲突从"事项型"公共冲突向"社会型"公共冲突扩展,表现为冲突缘由从制度变迁转向日常管理问题,冲突事项由损益类事项扩展到增益类事项,冲突诉求从利益诉求扩展到价值诉求,冲突主体从事项利益群体扩展到身份利益群体,引发路径从人际碰撞扩展到网络激发,力量聚集从低组织化转向持续组织化。为此,政府需要加强公共冲突治理的公共化机制建设,特别要建立公共化的冲突交流机制、化解机制和裁决机制。

As the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics entering a new period, the context, characteristics and governance of public conflicts are undergoing important changes. In the context of public conflict situation,the social system shifts from rapid transition to relative finalization, the construction of legal system shifts from lag to gradual improvement, the value concept shifts from splitting to reconstructing consensus, the pattern of interest shifts from sharp differentiation to relative solidification, the way of information exchanging shifts from interpersonal communication to network communication, the economic development model shifts from rapid growth to quality development, social needs shift from being barely fed and clad to the value realization,and the frustration psychology changes from relative deprivation to expectation contrast reversal. This leads to the expansion of public conflicts from ’issue-oriented’ public conflicts to ’social-oriented’ public conflicts,which is especially reflected in the change of conflict causes from institutional changes to daily management issues, the expansion of conflict issues from interest loss to benefit gain, the expansion of conflicted demands from interest demands to value demands, the expansion of conflict subject from issue-related interest groups to identity-related interest groups, the expansion of trigger paths from interpersonal collisions to network stimulation, and the transformation of power aggregation from low organization to continuous organization. Therefore,the government needs to strengthen the construction of public conflict governance mechanism, especially the establishment of public conflict communication mechanism, resolution mechanism and ruling mechanism.