高校扩招过程中毕业生初职及薪酬影响因素研究

Research on the Influencing Factors of the Initial Jobs and Salaries of Graduates in the Process of Enrollment Expansion

中国高等教育规模从1999年至2012年出现了大幅扩张。利用全国毕业生就业状况调查数据,采用增值评价模型,估计了高等教育扩张过程中高校本专科毕业生初职获得及薪酬的影响因素及其作用机制变迁。研究将核心影响因素分为差异化的人力资本及社会资本两大类。分析发现,以家庭社会经济背景、父母受教育程度、城镇户口等衡量的社会资本对毕业生初职薪酬具备显著正向影响,其影响效果随扩招深入有所减弱;以学业成绩、学生干部经历等衡量的差异化人力资本对初职薪酬水平具备显著正向影响,且随着高校扩招的深入,该影响效果没有降低。异质性分析发现,随扩招推进,社会资本对初职获得及薪酬水平影响效果的显著下降主要发生于普通二本及以下高校毕业生群体中。

Chinese higher education dramatically expanded its enrollment from 1999 to 2012. Based on national graduate employment survey data, a value-added model is employed to estimate the influencing factors of the initial jobs and salaries of graduates in the process of enrollment expansion and the changes of action mechanism. The study divides the core influencing factors into two categories: differentiated human capital and social capital. The social capital measured by family socioeconomic background, parental education and urban hukou has a significant positive impact on the initial salary of graduates, and its impact has been weakened with the expansion of enrollment. The differentiated human capital measured by academic achievement and student cadre experience has a significant positive impact on the level of initial salary, and with the deepening of college enrollment expansion, the effect has not been reduced. The heterogeneity analysis shows that the decreased impact of social capital mainly happened in the none-first tier universities.