“人民司法”视野下陕甘宁边区刑事证据规则考论

Study on the rules of criminal evidence in the Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region in the context of "people's judicature"

陕甘宁边区政府时期是新民主主义证据制度确立并独立发展的重要阶段。综观这一时期刑事证据规则的政策法令和实际运行,形成了重证据不轻信口供、法院主动调查取证、重视对证人证言的审查判断等诸多制度。陕甘宁边区的刑事证据规则具有鲜明的"人民司法"特色,其将发现事实真相作为边区刑事司法的核心任务,注重在证据的搜集、运用中发扬司法民主、贯彻群众路线,从而既使边区的人权得到切实保障,又服务了抗战中心工作。语境化解读边区的刑事诉讼证据规则,对推进当下刑事诉讼证据制度的改革完善不无裨益。

The era of Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Government is an important stage for the establishment and independent development of the new democratic evidence system. Upon the observation of the policies and decrees relevant to the rules of criminal evidence and the application thereof in this era, many evidentiary policies, such as trusting evidence instead of confession, letting the court actively steer the search of evidence, and highlighting the investigation and determination of the trustworthiness of witness testimony, have been formed. A distinctive characteristic maintained by the rules of criminal evidence in the Shanxi-GansuNingxia Border Region is "people’s judicature". Seeking the truth is regarded as the core of criminal justice in the Border Region. Judicial democracy and the mass line are heavily relied on in the collection and use of evidence. Accordingly, not only have the human rights been effectively protected in the Border Region, but also the work of the Anti-Japanese War Center has been supported. Context-based interpretation of the criminal procedural evidence rules in the Border Region is of great benefi t to the reforms and improvement of the current criminal procedural evidence system.