设施菜地土壤基础养分含量分析

Analysis of soil nutrient content in vegetable greenhouse

为了给设施蔬菜减量施肥提供依据,结合设施蔬菜种植户施肥调研结果,以及室内土壤样品测定结果,研究了新乡市牧野区设施蔬菜地土壤基础养分含量和施肥中存在的主要问题.结果 表明,该区土壤质地良好,磷钾丰富,氮含量中等,有机质缺乏,pH值约为6.5,为非盐渍化土壤.除类金属总砷含量有部分地块超标外,土壤中其余金属元素含量均未超标.选择优质商品有机肥和微生物菌肥做为底肥的种植户只占到10%,而选择生粪的占65%以上.每茬作物化肥施用量可达250 kg· 667 m-2.因此,建议该地区设施蔬菜种植施用优质商品有机肥1 200 kg· 667 m-2,并逐渐降低化学肥料追肥次数和数量,不断增加生物菌肥和有机水溶肥的施用.

In order to reduce fertilizer application in the vegetable plastic greenhouse,the fertilizer application by farmers was surveyed,the field soil was tested,the main problems of soil nutrient and fertilization status in vegetable greenhouse were studied in this research.The results showed that,the greenhouse vegetable soil texture in Muye District was good,it was non-salinization soil with high available phosphorus and potassium contents and lack of organic matter,the soil pH value was about 6.5.All of the metal elements contents did not exceed the standard except the total arsenic.Only 10% growers chose high quality commodity organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer as base fertilizer,but more than 65% growers chose raw manure.The amount of chemical fertilizer applied in each crop rotation could reach 250 kg per 667 m2.In conclusion,we suggested that 1 200 kg per 667 m^2 commercial organic fertilizer should be applied,the times and quantity of chemical fertilizer should be gradually reduced,and the application of biological fertilizer and organic water-soluble fertilizer should be increased.