长链非编码RNA在恶性黑素瘤发病机制中的研究进展

Research progress of long non-coding RNA in the pathogenesis of malignant melanoma

恶性黑素瘤(malignant melanoma,MM)是起源于黑素细胞的恶性肿瘤,其病死率高,因此,早期诊断和治疗十分重要。长链非编码RNAs(long non-coding RNAs,lncRNAs)为长度为200～10 000个核苷酸但不被翻译成蛋白质的RNA。近年来,研究发现lncRNAs在黑素瘤发生发展过程中发挥重要作用。越来越多的lncRNA被发现和研究,大部分通过竞争性内源RNA(competing endogenous RNA,ceRNA)机制参与肿瘤的发病过程。lncRNAs在黑素瘤中具有重要作用,很可能成为黑素瘤治疗和判断预后的生物标志物。该文根据lncRNAs的不同表达水平及其在黑素瘤中的作用机制作一综述。

Malignant melanoma(MM), a malignant tumor originating from melanocytes, has a high mortality rate. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of the disease is very essential. In recent years, investigations has revealed that long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs), a kind of the transcripts without coding proteins, having 200~10 000 bp in length, plays an important role in the occurrence and development of melanoma. Nowadays, increasing lncRNAs have been discovered and researched, and the evidences have shown that most of them participate in the pathogenesis of tumors through the mechanism of competing endogenous RNA(ceRNA). Considering to their crucial role in melanoma develop, lncRNAs may be used as prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers of melanoma. This article reviews the mechanisms of lncRNAs grouped by various levels of expression in the pathogenesis of malignant melanoma.