Analysis of Multiple Tourist Agents' Symbiotic Relationship on the View of Tourist Enterprises Based on a Grey Correlation Model:A Case Study of Qinghai Lake, China

基于灰色关联模型的旅游多主体共生关系研究——以青海湖为例（英文）

Tourism symbiosis is a social phenomenon consisting of many complex factors, and the reciprocal cooperation among multiple tourist agents at tourist destinations is the crux of the sustainable development of tourism. This study is from the perspective of tourist enterprises, and introduces the Symbiosis Theory of genecology. A quantitative evaluation is used to analyze both the equilibrium state of the combined symbiotic behavior routes and the behavior patterns of tourist enterprises with local governments, community residents, tourists and tourist enterprises around Qinghai Lake. The findings reveal:(1) the symbiotic behavior routes of the multiple tourist agents "E→G-R-T-E" in the Qinghai Lake area are constituted of intense symbiotic indications, while the maximum dimensionality of symbiotic interest of "E→G-R-T-E" is still in the state of disequilibrium and dissymmetry;(2) the symbiotic model of multiple tourist agents "E→G-R-T-E" in the Qinghai Lake area is an asymmetrically positive symbiotic model. It is proposed that, by establishing symbiotic mechanisms for guidance, decisions, supervisory control and profit distribution, the participation mechanism for multiple agents "E-G-R-T" can be further standardized. Moreover, tourist enterprises should be regarded as the primary agents to optimize the symbiotic model for "E→G-R-T-E" through the reinforcement of integrative supply and the construction of integrative effect, and finally promote the integrative symbiotic model of symmetrical reciprocity of the E-R-G-T model "driven by scenic areas, responsive to community residents, affected by local governments and enjoyed by tourists."

旅游共生是一种复杂的社会现象,旅游地多主体互惠协作是旅游可持续发展的关键所在。本研究基于旅游企业的视角,引入种群生态学中的共生理论,通过构建灰色关联模型,从定量评估的角度对青海湖环湖旅游企业同当地政府、社区居民、外来游客及旅游企业之间共生行为路径组合的均衡状态及共生行为模式进行了分析,结果显示:(1)青海湖旅游多主体"E→G-R-T-E"共生行为路径主要由强度共生因子组成,关联主体间最大共生利益维度存在不均衡、不对称等问题;(2)青海湖旅游多主体"E→G-R-T-E"的共生模式为非对称正向共生模式。本文认为应通过引导、决策、监控、利益分配等共生机制的建立,并规范青海湖旅游多主体"E-G-R-T"的参与机制,同时以旅游企业为主导,通过强化一体化供给和营造一体化效应,来优化"E→G-R-T-E"间的共生模式,最终形成"当地景区带动、社区居民响应、地方政府效应、外来游客体验"的对称互惠一体化共生模式。