废弃矿井微生物群落演替特征实验研究

Experimental Study of Microbial Community Succession Characteristics in Abandoned Mine Groundwater

矿井被关闭前后,井下环境条件有很大的差异,尤其是温度、压力、光照、水质、氧化还原条件会发生明显的改变,由此引起废弃矿井中微生物群落结构、多样性、演替规律发生变化,微生物的演替也将影响到井下污染物的降解和矿井水水质。该研究利用井下原煤、煤泥、矿井水进行了废弃矿井封闭和半封闭状态下的模拟实验,探讨了2种模拟中的微生物群落演替及多样性变化特征,实验周期为135 d。实验结果表明,矿井关闭后,细菌为环境中可培养好氧微生物的绝对优势菌群,占比例达到90%以上。封闭和半封闭条件下细菌丰度和多样性均呈增加趋势,但受环境中氧含量的影响,封闭条件下厌氧微生物丰度和多样性出现明显的增加。利用高通量测序技术,分析了细菌群落的演替规律,结果表明,封闭及半封闭条件下实验体系中优势细菌主要为芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)和乳球菌(Lactococcus)等兼性厌氧菌,随着时间变化,亚硝化单胞菌(Nitrosomonadaceae)、硝化螺菌(Nitrospira)和节杆菌(Arthrobacter)等好氧菌逐渐衰亡,乳酸杆菌(Lactobacillus)、拟杆菌(Bacteroides)、链球菌(Streptococcus)、明串珠菌(Leuconostoc)等厌氧菌含量逐渐增加。

After the disused mine has ceased production, the ecological environment structure and function of underground mine are changed, especially in temperature, pressure, light, water quality and redox conditions, which cause the structure, diversity and succession of microbial communities in abandoned mines. Changes in microbial succession industry will affect the degradation of underground pollutants and water quality in mines. In this study, downhole coal, coal, mine water were used to a simulated experiment in abandoned mines closed or semi-closed, to explore the microbial community succession of two types of simulated variation and diversity characteristics, with the experimental period of 135 days. The results showed that after the closure of the mine, bacteria accounted for more than 90% of the dominant bacteria in the environment. The abundance and diversity of bacteria increased under closed and semi closed conditions, but influenced by the oxygen content in the environment, the abundances and diversity of anaerobic microbes increased significantly under closed conditions. By 16 S r DNA bacterial diversity analysis, and the sequence of OTU(the Operational Taxonomic Unit) analysis, the results show that the dominant bacteria in the experimental system were mainly facultative anaerobes such as Bacillus and Lactococcus under closed and semi-closed conditions. With the time, the aerobic bacteria such as Nitrosomonadaceae, Nitrospira and Arthrobacter gradually decayed and the content of anaerobic bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Streptococcus and Leuconostoc increased gradually.