纳米碳对土壤理化性质及其微生物的影响

Effects of Nanocarbon on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Microorganism

纳米碳的纳米效应(表面、界面、尺寸效应)使其具有独特的理化性质,因而作为新型材料被广泛应用于药品制备、新能源、生态修复等领域。近年来,随着其特性被不断挖掘,纳米碳开始投入农业领域,成为新的研究热点。文章尝试厘清纳米碳对土壤的作用途径并综述各种类型的碳质纳米材料对土壤理化性质的具体影响。现有研究表明,将纳米碳施入土壤中,其pH值、阳离子交换量、保水性、营养元素的持留能力等方面均发生相应改变,可间接提高作物的产量。但与此同时,由于纳米碳对土壤微生物、酶活性存在扰动机理,潜在的环境风险还不完全清楚,该文通过指出目前研究存在的不足和需要加强的方面,为纳米碳的应用和推广提供一定的思路。

The nanometer effect(surface, interface, size effect) of nanocarbon has unique physical and chemical properties,so it is widely used as a new material in the fields of pharmaceutical preparation, new energy and ecological restoration. In recent years, with its characteristics being continuously explored, nanocarbon has been widely used in agriculture and become a new research hotspot. This paper attempts to clarify the pathway of nanocarbon on soil and summarizes the specific effects of various types of carbon nanomaterials on soil physical and chemical properties. Existing studies showed that the p H value, cation exchange capacity, water retention and retention capacity of nutrients are all changed when carbon nanocarbon is applied to soil, which can indirectly improve crop yield. However, due to the disturbance mechanism of nanocarbon on soil microorganism and enzyme activity, the potential environmental risks are not completely clear. This paper provides some ideas for the application and promotion of nanocarbon by pointing out the shortcomings and areas that need to be strengthened at present.