铁路除沙车固定铲集沙效率分析及优化

An Analysis and the Optimization of the Sand-Collecting Efficiency of the Fixed Shovel of a Railway Sand-Cleaning Vehicle

根据Hertz-Mindlin接触模型,结合离散元理论,研究分析沙粒接触的数学模型。以风沙地区沙子为研究对象,通过实验获得沙子物理参数,并以此建立基于EDEM软件的单叶片集沙仿真模型。对比除沙车固定铲圆弧角度为90°、80°、70°、60°时,活动铲向后抛沙过程中沙粒的聚集程度、速度及方向,计算出在额定工况下4种固定铲角度下排沙所需功率。总结得出当固定铲圆弧角度在70～80°时,沙粒聚集程度最大,同时高度适中便于排沙机构的安装,效率最好。

According to Hertz-Mindlin Contact Model and the Discrete Element Theory, a mathematical model of sand particle contact is studied and analyzed in the present paper. With the sand in a wind-sand area as the object of our research, the physical parameters of sand are obtained through experiments, upon the basis of which an EDEM software-based simulation model of a single blade sand collection is established. Upon the basis of comparing the concentrating degree, speeds and directions of the sand particles in the course of the mobile shovel’s throwing backward sand grain when the fixed shovel is respectively at the angles of 90°, 80°,70° and 60°, the required power for the fixed shovel to discharge sand at four angles in the conditions of the rated power is calculated, from which it is concluded that, when the fixed shovel’s arc angles range between 70°~80°, the gathering degree of sand particles is the greatest. Meanwhile, the moderate height is convenient for the installation of the sand-discharging machinery, with the best efficiency achieved.