服食、医疗与魏晋士人身体观——以《世说新语》为中心的探究

Fushi Regimen, Medical Treatment and the Concept of Body of Scholars in the Wei and Jin Dynasties:A Research Centering on Shishuo Xinyu

魏晋士人在一个“主体性自觉”的时代,不只精神上追求自由,同时也发现了身体的存在。服食是其掌控身体欲望的重要诉求手段,借助服食所具有的疗疾、养生、房中、美容的功效,魏晋士人不仅沉湎于肉体的狂欢,还力图在服食所带来的“开朗”感受中摆脱现实所带来的苦闷,追求精神的快意。服食虽与养生有关,但在形神合一的身体观之下,其在魏晋士人之中的作用更多体现为对于精神超越的追求。

Living in an era of “subjective consciousness”, scholars in the Wei and Jin Dynasties not only pursuit the freedom in spirit,but also find the existence of the physics.Fushi regimen is a important appeal mean for them to control the desire from their bodies, with the help of the efficacy of healing illness,keeping in good health and keeping beautiful,scholars in Wei and Jin dynasties not only indulge in the revelry of the body,at the same time,they try to get rid of the torture from the reality with the help of happy feeling from Fushi regimen to pursuit the spiritual happiness.Although there is a link between Fushi regime and keeping in good health, under the integration of the form and the spirit of physics views,its effect are more presented as the pursuit of the spiritual transcendence among scholars in Wei and Jin dynasties.