认同、差异与抵抗——贝尔·胡克斯的女性主义媒介文化理论研究

Identity, Difference and Resistance:A Study of Bell Hooks’s Feminist Theory of Media Culture

20世纪90年代以来,著名的黑人女性主义媒介文化理论家贝尔·胡克斯致力于种族解放与性别解放,运用女性主义理论对资本主义大众媒介进行一种创新性的研究和严格的后殖民文化批判。胡克斯将媒介与种族及性别联系起来,在大量著作中讨论了电影、电视以及音乐中的黑人再现与黑人女性观众等内容。胡克斯把女性主义媒介批判的目标指向“白人至上的资本主义父权制”,指出在女性主义运动由认同政治走向差异政治再转向抵抗政治的过程中,一种“去殖民化”的策略和一种“抵抗的凝视”的再现方式是非常重要的。胡克斯批判了大众媒介与流行文化中黑人女性再现的方式,如白人歌星麦当娜对黑人文化的利用、黑人歌手特纳对黑人女性的性的扭曲再现以及帮匪文化中的性别歧视和厌女症等。后期胡克斯著作中的主要思想是描绘出一种更为广泛的后殖民文化批判与后现代关切,承认种族认同与性别认同的内部差异,团结不同群体以推翻种族与性别的双重压迫。

Since 1990s, bell hooks, a famous black feminist media cultural theorist, devoted herself to the emancipation of race and the emancipation of gender, and carried out an innovative study of the mass media of capitalism and a strict post colonial cultural criticism with the theory of feminism.hooks linked the media with race and gender and discussed in a lot of books about the representation of black people in films, television and music and the content of black women.hooks s goal of feminist media criticism points to “white supremacist capitalist patriarchy”, and points out that a “decolonization” strategy and a “gaze of resistance” are very important in the process of feminist movement from identity/difference politics to resistance to politics.hooks criticized the way of the representation of black women in mass media and popular culture, such as the use of white singer Madonna for black culture, black singer Turner s distorted representation of the sex of black women, and sexism and misogyny in gangsta culture.The main idea in the later hooks works is to describe a more extensive post colonial cultural criticism and post-modern concern, to recognize the internal differences between ethnic identity and gender identity, to unite different groups in order to overthrow the double oppression of race and gender.