贸易自由化与就业调整空间差异:中国地级市的经验证据

Trade Liberalization and Regional Employment Adjustment: Evidence from China’s Prefecture-Level Cities

本文以中国加入世界贸易组织这一外生事件为背景,利用2000和2010年的关税与就业数据,通过构建Bartik工具变量解决内生性问题,并将就业划分为正规与非正规就业,研究了最终品与中间品贸易自由化对区域劳动力市场就业的影响。研究结果表明,无论是最终品还是中间品,贸易自由化均促进了非正规就业的扩张,贸易自由化程度越高的地区,非正规就业增加越多,且这种效应也会导致地区总就业增加。但贸易自由化对正规就业不存在类似的区域效应。进一步分析表明,贸易自由化对不同贸易部门非正规就业的影响也存在差异,对不可贸易部门非正规就业的正向影响要大于可贸易部门。

This paper uses the exogenous event of China s accession to WTO to study the regional labor employment adjustment following China s trade liberalization.We build Bartik instrument and divide the regional labor market employment into formal employment and informal employment.The results show that both final good trade liberalization and intermediate input liberalization promote the expansion of the informal employment,regions facing lager tariff cuts experienced more increased informal employment and total employment,but no similar regional effects on formal employment.Further results show that trade liberalization has different impacts on informal employment in different trade sectors,and the positive impact of trade liberalization on non-tradable sector informal employment is greater than that of tradable sector informal employment.