口呼吸患儿的综合性诊治进展

Progress in Comprehensive Diagnosis and Treatment of Children with Oral-breathing

儿童的生长发育与其呼吸、睡眠功能密不可分。口呼吸分为生理性口呼吸和病理性口呼吸,长期病理性口呼吸导致错[牙合]畸形的发生,同时对儿童的颅颌面生长发育、精神集中、认知心理、全身健康等产生不利影响。目前,各专科医师可通过临床检查、多导睡眠监测、X线头颅侧位片等方法诊断口呼吸儿童具体病因,从而采取正畸治疗、药物治疗、手术摘除腺样体、扁桃体等方法,使儿童获得正常的鼻呼吸模式。但不同专科医师对口呼吸儿童采用的治疗方法不同,没有统一的序列治疗计划。因此,未来需重点探索多学科参与诊治儿童张口呼吸及睡眠呼吸障碍,制订个性化治疗方案,以获得长期稳定的治疗效果。

The growth and development of children are closely related to their respiratory and sleep functions.Mouth breathing is divided into physiological mouth breathing and pathological mouth breathing.Long-term pathological mouth breathing results in malocclusion,which has adverse effects on children′s craniofacial growth and development,mental concentration,cognitive psychology and general health.At present,different specialists diagnosis of specific causes of children with oral breathing can through clinical examination, polysomnography,X-ray lateral cephalometric film, and adopt orthodontic treatment, drug treatment, surgical removal of adenoids, tonsils and other methods to enable children to obtain normal nasal breathing patterns.However,different specialists use different treatments for children with mouth breathing,and there is no uniform sequence treatment plan.Therefore,the future research needs to focus on exploring multidisciplinary participation in the diagnosis and treatment of children′s mouth breathing and sleep-disordered breathing,develop personalized treatment programs,in order to achieve long-term and stable treatment results.