“竞争中性”原则下的国有企业竞争中性偏离和竞争中性化之困

SOEs' Competition Neutrality Deviation and Neutralizing Routes in the Context of Principle of Competition Neutrality

与前几次中美贸易战不同,2018年开始的中美贸易战除了巨额贸易逆差之外,美国还就非传统贸易争议对中国提出挑战,其中包括中国的非市场经济地位、中国制造2025计划和国有企业非公平竞争等所谓结构性问题。本文以"竞争中性"原则为背景,具体讨论美国、欧盟和日本提出的国有与非国有企业不公平竞争的现状以及国有企业竞争中性偏离,具体分析企业竞争中性化面临的困境和路径。强化竞争中性原则不仅有利于不同所有制企业之间的公平竞争,而且有利于实现市场在资源配置中起决定性作用。

Different from previous trade wars between the US and China, the ongoing US-China trade war, in addition to the huge trade deficits, involves some unconventional issues including China's non-market economy status, Made in China 2025 and the SOE unfair competion. Based on the background of competition neutrality, this paper discusses in detail the unfair competition between stateowned enterprises and non-state-owned enterprises proposed by the United States, the European Union and Japan, as well as the deviation of competition neutrality of state-owned enterprises, and specifically analyses the difficulties and paths faced by the neutralization of competition of enterprises. Strengthening the principle of competition neutrality is not only conducive to fair competition among enterprises with different ownership systems, but also conducive to realizing that the market plays a decisive role in the allocation of resources.