高质量发展条件下中国城市环境效率评价

Evaluation of urban environmental efficiency in China under high quality development conditions

构建NSUSBM-SFA-NSUSBM-Tobit的4阶段分析框架,并基于中国213个城市的截面数据,运用NSUSBM模型,计算了可分离与不可分离假设下城市的环境效率,同时运用3阶段DEA模型,引入了自然因素.并使用Tobit模型,结合新发展理念,分析了城市环境效率的影响因素.研究表明,中国城市环境效率均值为0.49,整体效率不高,地区差异明显.对部分高质量发展城市而言,相对优异的自然环境在一定程度上弥补了管理低效率,其管理效率仍有较大的改进空间;对低质量发展城市而言,GDP与污染的不可分离性是造成环境效率低下的重要原因.创新能力对城市环境效率有模型的促进作用;第二产业比重与环境效率明显负相关,同时城乡差异越大,环境效率越低;政府的环境投资与环境规制有助于提高城市环境效率;开放和引进外资对城市环境效率有显著的提升效果;城镇化有助于提升环境效率.

The four-stage analysis framework of NSUSBM-SFA-NSUSBM-Tobit was constructed in this paper. Based on the cross-section data of 213 cities in China, NSUSBM model was used to calculate the environmental efficiency of cities under the separable and inseparable assumptions. Then the three-stage DEA model was used to introduce natural factors. And combined with the new development concept, The Tobit model was used to analyze the influencing factors of urban environmental efficiency. Research showed, The average urban environmental efficiency in China was 0.49, the overall efficiency was not high, and regional differences were obvious. For some high-quality development cities, the relatively excellent natural environment compensated for the inefficiency of management to a certain extent, and there was still a room for improvement in its management inefficiency. For low-quality cities, the inseparability of GDP and environment pollution were the main causes of environmental inefficiency. Innovation ability had obvious promoting effect on urban environmental efficiency. The proportion of secondary industry was negatively related to environmental efficiency. The greater the difference between urban and rural areas, the lower the environmental efficiency. Government’s environmental investment and regulation helped to improve urban environmental efficiency. Opening up and introducing foreign capital had a significant effect on improving urban environmental efficiency. Urbanization helped to improve environmental efficiency.