异质性工业企业碳减排状态与路径的比较

Comparison on status and paths of carbon emission reduction of industrial enterprises with heterogeneity

在将企业各主营业务划分至所属细分行业的基础上,采用ZSG-SBM方法测算工业行业2011~2016年和上市工业企业2014~2016年的碳排放效率;通过结构方程模型量化企业的碳减排潜力和能力;综合评估其碳减排状态,并运用四象限矩阵法探讨其减排路径的差异.结果显示,2011~2016年中国工业行业的碳排放状况得到逐年改善,制造业内部行业效率呈现集聚现象,重工业行业效率普遍高于0.65,轻工业行业效率参差不齐;异质性企业的减排潜力和能力存在关联和差异,治理结构和技术能力对企业深度减排具有多重影响和关键作用,外部环境对技术能力兼具激励效应和挤出效应.因此,干预政策的制定应关注企业碳减排状态的异质性,规划有差别的减排路径,避免重复建设.

Based on the subdivision on the main business of enterprises, firstly, efficiency of carbon emission was analyzed by way of the ZSG-SBM method using the samples from the public-listed industrial enterprises during 2014~2016 and industrial enterprises as a whole during 2011~2016. Secondly, using SEM, potentials and capabilities of carbon emission reduction was quantified. Lastly, by way of four-quadrant matrix method, differences on the paths of carbon emission reduction were discussed after evaluating status of carbon emission reduction. During 2011~2016, the status improved annually. It was noted that combined effect existed in manufactures, therein, efficiency on the heavy industries was above 0.65 in general whilst on the light industries was irregular. There were relations among the enterprises with heterogeneity, corporate governance and technology played a very important role, especially external environment have been incentive effects and crowding-out effects. Therefore, carbon emission reduction of enterprises with heterogeneity should be paid more attention by the policy-maker through planning different paths and avoiding repeated construction.