海上志愿者及其相关法律问题

Maritime Volunteers and Related Legal Issues

为加强我国海洋管理尤其是海上突发事故应急处理,实现海上志愿服务的健康可持续发展,文章论述海上志愿者及其相关法律问题。研究结果表明:海上志愿者具有自愿性、无偿性和公益性,其身份可认定为非营利性组织中的个体或行政辅助人;我国海上志愿者的具体实践主要是海上搜救志愿者,在发挥重要作用的同时也存在组织管理等方面的问题,亟须以法律制度的形式,从完善国家海洋管理体制机制出发加以解决;对于海上志愿者的侵权责任,应充分考虑海上志愿服务的特殊性,以支持其发展为前提,根据现有法律体系,统一司法标准和机制,并加快专门立法。

In order to strengthen the marine management in China,especially the handling of emergencies,and to realize the healthy and sustainable development of marine volunteer service,this paper discussed marine volunteers and related legal issues.The research results showed that marine volunteers are voluntary,unpaid and for the public good.Their identity can be classified as individuals or administrative assistance in non-profit organization.The specific practice of marine volunteers in China is mainly maritime search and rescue.While playing an important role,there are many problems in terms of organizational management of marine volunteers.It is necessary to establish relevant legal systems to solve these problems from the perspective of improvement of national marine management system.In terms of the tort liability of marine volunteers,the special nature of marine volunteer service should be fully considered.On the premise of supporting its development,according to the existing legal system,the judicial standards and mechanisms should be unified and the adoption of specialized legislation accelerated.