1975—2015年南四湖自然保护区生态系统服务价值时空变化分析

Spatio-temporal variation of ecosystem service values in Nansihu Lake Reserve during 1975-2015

南四湖自然保护区具有较高的生态保护地位和经济价值。研究以南四湖自然保护区1975-2015年8期土地利用类型数据为基础,借助SPSS、ArcGIS等软件,分析南四湖自然保护区近40年土地利用变化及其对生态系统服务价值时空分布的影响。结果表明:1975-2015年水体始终是南四湖自然保护区的优势土地利用类型。40年间未利用地面积减少88.90%(8807.68 hm^2),而水田、草地、旱地、建成区、林地和水体面积分别增加4626.45 hm^2、405.06 hm^2、1660.67 hm^2、401.54 hm^2、76.76 hm^2和1621.60 hm^2。40年间南四湖自然保护区的生态系统服务总价值增加了0.03%(1.13×106 US$),其中支持服务功能价值减少1.14×10^7 US$,文化服务功能价值减少5.61×10~6 US$,供给服务功能价值减少2.15×10~6 US$,仅调节服务功能价值增加2.02×10^7 US$。表现在空间上则是自然保护区西侧生态系统服务价值变化较东侧更为明显。导致1975-2015年生态系统服务价值变化的主要影响因子是水体和未利用地面积的改变,生态系统服务价值与水体面积呈现显著正相关,与未利用地呈现显著负相关。研究结果能为南四湖自然保护区的土地利用决策提供理论支持。

Nansihu Lake Reserve has high status of ecological protection and economic value. Through the software of SPSS and ArcGIS, the impacts of land use change on the spatial and temporal distribution of ecosystem service values in Nansihu Lake Reserve were analyzed based on the land use data during 1975-2015. The results showed that the water bodies were always the dominant land use type in Nansihu Lake Reserve from 1975 to 2015. In the past 40 years, the area of unused land decreased by 88.90%(8807.68 hm^2), while the areas of paddy fields, grasslands, dry land, built-up areas, forests and water bodies increased by 4626.45 hm^2, 405.06 hm^2, 1660.67 hm^2, 401.54 hm^2, 76.76 hm^2 and 1621.60 hm^2, respectively. The total ecosystem service values of the Nansihu Lake Reserve increased by only 0.03% during last 40 years. Regulating services function values increased by 2.02×10^7 US$, but supporting services function values, culture services function values and provisioning services function values decreased by 1.14×10^7 US$, 5.61×10^6 US$ and 2.15×10^6 US$, respectively. From the viewpoint of spatial variation, the ecosystem service value in the west side of nature reserve changed greater than that in the east side. It was obviously that the unused land transformed into paddy fields, water bodies, dry land and other land use types mainly from 1975 to 2015. The change of land use significantly affected the value of specific types of ecosystem services and the total value of ecosystem services. The main impact factors to the dynamics of ecosystem service values were change of water bodies and unused land, and ecosystem service values correlated with water bodies positively and correlated with unused land negatively. The results can provide theoretical support for land use decision-making in Nansihu Lake Reserve.