盐胁迫对植物叶绿素荧光影响的研究进展

Research advances in the effect of salt stress on plant chlorophyll fluorescence

盐胁迫是制约植物生长发育的主要非生物胁迫之一,研究植物的耐盐机理对开发和有效利用盐碱地有重要的意义。叶绿素荧光动力技术作为研究植物光合生理状况及植物与逆境胁迫关系的理想方法,可表明外界胁迫环境对植物光合器官的伤害程度。通过总结性阐述盐胁迫对植物叶绿素荧光的影响,分别从盐分类型、植物类型、光照强度以及盐旱交互作用等方面分析了植物叶绿素荧光对盐胁迫的响应,进而反映盐胁迫对植物光合能力的影响程度,并提出增强植物抗盐性的途径,包括施加外源物质、利用转基因技术、真菌的协同效应和培育耐盐品种。最后对叶绿素荧光动力技术在抗盐胁迫的运用前景进行了展望,提出了当前研究需要解决的问题,旨在为提高植物耐盐能力提供一定的理论依据。

Salt stress is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting the growth and development of plants. It is vital to understand the mechanisms of plant response to salt stress for effective exploitation and utilization of saline and alkaline land. Chlorophyll fluorescence technique as an ideal method of learning the relationship between plant and environment stress can show degree of damage to plant photosynthetic physiology. This article briefly described the effect of salt stress on chlorophyll fluorescence of plants caused by different type of salts, plant species, illumination intensity and effects of salt-drought stress in order to reflect the effect of salt stress on plant photosynthetic capacity. Furthermore, methods of enhancing salt resistance of plants were proposed, including the addition of exogenous substances, use of biotechnological tools, synergistic effects of fungi and cultivation of salt-tolerant varieties. Finally, both the developing prospects and problems of chlorophyll fluorescence technique on salt resistance of plants were also discussed, with the aim of providing a reference for improving plant resistance to stresses.