气压止血带对人工全膝关节置换术围术期失血量的影响

Effect of pneumatic tourniquet on perioperative blood loss in total knee arthroplasty

目的研究气压止血带对人工全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)围术期失血量的影响。方法回顾分析2018年1月-2019年1月收治的116例60岁以上因重度膝关节骨关节炎行TKA治疗的患者临床资料。根据术中是否使用气压止血带分为试验组(49例,术中未使用气压止血带)和对照组(67例,术中使用气压止血带)。两组患者性别、年龄、体质量指数、侧别、病程、术前血红蛋白等一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。记录并比较两组患者手术时间,实际总失血量、显性失血量、隐性失血量和隐性失血百分比,术后3 d膝关节肿胀度及术后2周膝关节活动度。结果试验组手术时间显著长于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=14.013,P=0.000)。试验组实际总失血量、隐性失血量和隐性失血百分比均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组显性失血量差异无统计学意义(t=-1.293,P=0.200)。试验组术后3 d膝关节肿胀度显著低于对照组,术后2周膝关节活动度显著大于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 TKA术中应用气压止血带可有效缩短手术时间,但可能增加围术期隐性失血量,加重术后早期患肢肿胀,对术后早期关节功能恢复产生不利影响。

Objective To evaluate the effect of pneumatic tourniquet on perioperative period of total knee arthroplasty(TKA). Methods The perioperative period data of 116 patients over 60 years old with severe knee osteoarthritis treated with TKA between January 2018 and January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. According to whether pneumatic tourniquet was used during operation, the patients were divided into trial group(49 cases, pneumatic tourniquet was not used during operation) and control group(67 cases, pneumatic tourniquet was used during operation).There was no significant difference in gender, age, body mass index, lesion side, disease duration, and preoperative hemoglobin between the two groups(P>0.05). The operation time, actual total blood loss, overt blood loss, hidden blood loss, and percentage of hidden blood loss, knee swelling at 3 days after operation, and range of motion of knee at 2 weeks after operation were recorded and compared between the two groups. Results The operation time of the trial group was significantly longer than that of the control group(t=14.013, P=0.000). The actual total blood loss, hidden blood loss, and percentage of hidden blood loss in the trial group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05);there was no significant difference in the overt blood loss between the two groups(t=-1.293, P=0.200). The knee swelling degree in the trial group was significantly slighter than that in the control group at 3 days after operation, and the range of motion of knee in the trial group was significantly better than that in the control group at 2 weeks after operation(P<0.05).Conclusion Pneumatic tourniquet can reduce the operation time of TKA significantly. However, it may increase the hidden blood loss and knee swelling, and negatively impact the recovery of knee function in the early postoperative stage of TKA.