肩关节前向不稳中骨缺损诊断技术及评估方法的研究进展

Current concepts of diagnostic techniques and measurement methods for bone defect in patient with anterior shoulder instability

目的总结临床肩关节前向不稳中骨缺损(肩胛盂前缘骨缺损及Hill-Sachs损伤)的诊断及测量方法。方法查阅国内外肩关节前向不稳中骨缺损诊断及评估方法的相关文献,并进行归纳总结。结果临床上用于诊断肩胛盂前缘骨缺损及Hill-Sachs损伤的技术主要包括X线片、CT、MRI、关节镜及关节造影。肩胛盂前缘骨缺损测量方法包括Griffith法、肩胛盂指数法、Pico法、画圆法等;Hill-Sachs损伤主要通过测量其长度、宽度、深度、体积等进行评价。X线片主要用于初步筛查肩关节前向不稳;三维CT画圆的线性法是评价肩胛盂前缘骨缺损最常用方法;基于三维CT的肩胛盂轨迹综合评估法是近年研究热点;MRI及关节镜下测量肩胛盂前缘骨缺损及Hill-Sachs损伤大小的可靠性尚有争议;关节造影技术更多用于诊断肩关节前向不稳中的骨缺损及伴随的软组织损伤。结论如何提高肩关节前向不稳术前骨缺损评估的精准度尚需进一步探索。

Objective To summarize the diagnosis and measurement methods of bone defect in anterior shoulder instability(glenoid bone defect and Hill-Sachs lesion). Methods The related literature on the diagnosis and measurement of the bone defect in anterior shoulder instability was reviewed and summarized. Results The commonly used techniques for the diagnosis of anterior glenoid bone defect and Hill-Sachs lesion of humeral head include X-ray, CT,MRI, arthroscopy, arthrography. The methods for measuring the degree of anterior glenoid bone defect include Griffith method, glenoid index method, Pico method, and best-fit circle method. The indexes for measuring the Hill-Sachs lesion include the length, width, depth, and volume. X-ray is mainly used for primary screening. Best-fit circle method on threedimensional(3 D) CT reconstruction is commonly used to measure the glenoid bone defect currently. Glenoid track theory on 3 D CT reconstruction is popular in recent years. Reliability of measuring the glenoid bone defect and Hill-Sachs lesion with MRI and arthroscopy is still debatable. Arthrography is more and more used in the diagnosis of shoulder joint instability of bone defect and concomitant soft tissue injury. Conclusion How to improve the accuracy of evaluating glenoid bone defect and Hill-Sachs lesion before surgery still need further study.