肩关节前向脱位及合并损伤的手术治疗进展

Research progress of surgical treatment for anterior shoulder dislocation and combined injuries

目的总结肩关节前向脱位及合并损伤的手术治疗进展。方法查阅国内外肩关节前向脱位及合并损伤手术治疗方法及疗效的相关文献,并进行总结分析。结果肩关节前向脱位可合并前下关节囊韧带复合体损伤(Bankart损伤)、关节盂骨缺损(骨性Bankart损伤)以及Hill-Sachs损伤。对于Bankart损伤,可选择关节镜下修复或者联合喙突截骨转位术、移植物行骨性重建。对于Hill-Sachs损伤,根据骨性缺损范围选择保守、软组织修复或骨性重建等。对于双极损伤(肩胛盂以及肱骨头骨缺损),可根据骨缺损范围选择Bankart术、Remplissage术或肱骨头置换等。结论随着关节镜的发展以及手术理念的改进,针对肩关节前向脱位及合并损伤临床已有一套完善手术方案,可通过综合评估患者伤情及年龄、运动水平等因素选择恰当术式,以求达到最佳疗效。

Objective To summarize the research progress of surgical treatment for anterior shoulder dislocation and combined injuries. Methods The related literature was reviewed, and the surgical treatment options for the anterior shoulder dislocation and its combined injuries were summarized. Results Anterior shoulder dislocation can combine with anteroinferior capsular ligament complex injury(Bankart injury), bony Bankart defect, and Hill-Sachs lesion. For Bankart and bony Bankart injuries, arthroscopic repair or coracoid osteotomy combined with bony graft reconstruction can be performed. For Hill-Sachs lesion, conservative treatment, soft tissue repair, or bony reconstruction should be selected based on the extent of the bone defect. For bipolar injury, the Bankart repair, Remplissage, or arthroplasty should be selected based on the extent of the glenoid defect. Conclusion With the development of arthroscopy and the improvement of the surgical concept, there is a complete set of surgical options for various injuries of the anterior shoulder dislocation. When choosing a surgical procedure, the patient’s specific injury and age, exercise level, and other relating factors should be comprehensively assessed in order to achieve the best results.