抗凝药物治疗肺栓塞的应用进展

Advances in the application of anticoagulant drugs in pulmonary embolism

肺栓塞(PE)危害很大,可能导致患者死亡。目前临床治疗PE主要是应用抗凝药物,但其作用有限,且存在一些临床不足。比如华法林可预防血栓形成和早期血凝块向心性迁移,但临床应用中需监测出血倾向;阿司匹林可抗血栓,但长期、大剂量应用可能抑制凝血酶原形成和延长凝血酶原时间。近年来陆续上市的新型抗凝药物利伐沙班等可用于静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)及PE的防治,已被证实具有积极的临床效益。本文对PE及其抗凝治疗药物的临床应用现状、不足及前景进行综述,旨在为临床提供相关实践应用的参考数据。

Pulmonary embolism(PE) is very harmful and may lead to death. At present, anticoagulant drugs are mainly used in clinical treatment of PE, but their effect is limited, and there are some clinical deficiencies. For example, warfarin can prevent thrombosis and early centripetal migration of blood clots, but the tendency of bleeding should be monitored in clinical application;aspirin can resist thrombosis, but long-term and high-dose application may inhibit prothrombin formation and prolong prothrombin time. In recent years, new anticoagulants such as rivaroxaban, which have been marketed in succession, can be used to prevent and treat venous thromboembolism(VTE) and PE, and have been proved to have positive clinical benefits. In this paper, the current situation, shortcomings and prospects of clinical application of PE and its anticoagulant drugs are summarized as follows, in order to provide reference data for clinical practice.